Winter with fog and smog pose a threat to lungs health: expert

Bathinda: “Respiratory health becomes especially vulnerable during the winter season due to cold temperatures, dense fog, and rising smog levels. These environmental conditions significantly increase the risk of lung-related illnesses, particularly among children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory conditions,” Dr. Manan Bedi consultant–pulmonology at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Bathinda said that during winter, cases of bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma flare-ups, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations rise sharply.
“Cold air can irritate the airways, leading to increased breathlessness, wheezing, and chest tightness. Fog and smog further worsen breathing problems by trapping pollutants close to the ground, making it difficult for sensitive individuals to breathe comfortably,”
Dr. Bedi further said that we are seeing a noticeable increase in upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including viral and bacterial chest infections, during this period. Smog exposure is also linked to worsening of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and persistent cough, which often progresses to more serious lung conditions if ignored. People with asthma and COPD are particularly at risk of frequent attacks during smoggy days.
Another commonly observed winter-related condition is acute exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, where patients experience sudden worsening of symptoms such as severe breathlessness, increased sputum production, and reduced oxygen levels. Prolonged exposure to air pollution during foggy conditions can also contribute to reduced lung function and long-term respiratory damage, he informed.
Dr Bedi advised to seek medical attention if symptoms such as prolonged cough, breathing difficulty, wheezing, chest discomfort, or repeated infections persist during the winter months.
Preventive measures, including avoiding outdoor activity during heavy smog, wearing protective masks, staying warm, and continuing prescribed inhalers or medications, can help reduce health risks, he said.
Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and preventive care are essential to protect lung health during winter, fog, and smog conditions, he maintained. Increased awareness and prompt medical consultation can help prevent complications and ensure better respiratory health throughout the season, he asserted.