Special lecture on topic “Kashmir: A journey through disputes and conflicts” 

Chandigarh July 25, 2025: Department of Public Administration in collaboration with Department of Defence and National Security Studies, Panjab University organised a special lecture on the topic “Kashmir: A journey through disputes and conflicts” by Maj. Gen. Neeraj Bali, SM (Retd.), Director, Gyan Chakra Think Tank, Chandimandir today to commemorate the Kargil Vijay Diwas. 
The lecture provided an in-depth perspective on the historical and contemporary dimensions of the Kashmir issue, sharing his experiences from the field and emphasizing the importance of dialogue and strategic thinking in resolving long-standing conflicts. 
Maj. Gen. Bali began his lecture by explaining the strategic importance of Kashmir for India. He stated that the Kashmir issue was also an ideological struggle between two countries. The genesis of the Kashmir problem lay in the crisis that unfolded after Pakistani Irregular invaded Kashmir valley, thereafter Kashmir Maharaja signed an instrument of accession with India in October 1947. He explained how alienation and terrorism started in the 1990s due to perceived rigged elections, which led to exodus of pundits from the valley. However, he appreciated two countries' efforts in the early 2000s after the Kargil war for peacefully resolving differences. But the deep state in Pakistan always intervened and derailed all such efforts through terrorist attacks across the border in India. 
Maj. Gen. Bali threw light on the current status of the issue. The former state of Jammu and Kashmir was divided into two Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh post the abrogation of the article 370. He strongly emphasised that the way forward is political, socio-economic and security development of our country as well as in the Kashmir region along with change of international narratives in the favour of India.  
Earlier, Dr. Bhawna Gupta, Chairperson of Department of Public Administration welcomed the speaker, guests as well as faculty members, research scholars and students present for the event. She also introduced the theme of the lecture. 
The lecture witnessed enthusiastic participation from faculty members, research scholars, and students, who engaged in an interactive discussion with the distinguished speaker. The event concluded with a vote of thanks and a collective tribute to the bravery and sacrifice of the armed forces during the Kargil War.
Kargil Vijay Diwas, observed annually on 26th July, marks India’s victory over Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil War, where the Indian Armed Forces displayed exemplary courage and sacrifice in reclaiming high-altitude posts occupied by infiltrators. The day is a tribute to the bravery, valor, and indomitable spirit of the soldiers who ensured the nation’s security and integrity.